View source for BitTorrent/de

{{Languages|BitTorrent}}
{{UpdatedPage|xxx|2.5.3.0}}


BitTorrent ist eines von mehreren P2P-Protokollen die von Shareaza unterstützt werden. BitTorrent ist allerdings kein [[P2P network/de|P2P-Netzwerk]] und man muss daher keine permanente Verbindung zu ihm aufrecht erhalten, so wie das bei [[Gnutella2/de|Gnutella2]], [[gnutella/de|gnutella]] oder dem [[eDonkey2000/de|eDonkey-Netzwerk]] der Fall ist. Dafür gibt es bei BitTorrent allerdings keine Möglichkeit, Dateien, die von teilnehmenden Computern verteilt werden, über das Protokoll zu suchen.

== Übersicht ==
BitTorrent besteht hauptsächlich aus drei Hauptteilen: ".torrent-Dateien", "Trackern" und "Client-Programmen".
* '''.torrent-Dateien'''<br />Eine .torrent-Datei ist eine kleine Datei, die Informationen über die Datei(en)

  is a small binary file containing information about one or more files that can be downloaded by that information. The file usually contains the file name and hash ([[BTIH]]) of each downloadable file, as well as the URL of a tracker for that torrent - however, that is only a mandatory part of the file. Additionally, the .torrent file can also contain any type of [[metadata]] on the linked to files. See ''{{en|.torrent file}}'' for more information.
* '''Trackers'''<br />A tracker is a computer (usually a server on the internet) that keeps track of the users down- and uploading files using the BitTorrent protocol. When you open a .torrent file in Shareaza, it contacts (one of) the tracker(s) of that torrent. Shareaza tells the tracker which torrent it's interested in and what IP address and port it expects to be contacted on. The tracker replies with the IP addresses and port numbers of other users already sharing or downloading the file(s) of that tracker.
* '''Clients'''<br />A client is a computer program supporting the BitTorrent protocol, able to communicate with trackers, up- and downloading data and create downloads from the information contained in .torrent files. An example for such a client program is Shareaza.

The BitTorrent protocol creates an interconnected mesh of down- and uploading users instead of having one central server using all of its resources to upload to everyone who wants the file. This gives the user higher download speeds because he is downloading at the combined bandwidth of everyone who is uploading a part of the file to him. Usually this means that the more bandwidth you give, the more bandwidth you will get. Note that most trackers do limit the upload bandwidth to members of a swarm who do not upload enough data to other users.

== Häufig gestellte Fragen ==
Antworten auf häufig gestellte Fragen zu BitTorrent können auf der [[FAQ.BitTorrent|BitTorrent FAQ-Seite]] gefunden werden.

== BitTorrent Error Messages ==
The most important thing first: It is normal for trackers to become temporarily unavailable or take some time to respond. This happens all the time and the best trick is just to wait. Also torrents are short-lived, usually they will not work after some time. This is one of the biggest weaknesses of the BitTorrent protocol: torrents always ''starve'' after a certain time, which means that there is nobody left to seed them, so you can't download them anymore.

But if you get an error message telling you that there is a problem communicating with the tracker, there's no reason to panic. Shareaza will keep on trying to connect and there are no other tricks to fix this. Usually you download many torrents without even noticing the error messages.

Sometimes though a tracker is permanently disabled, or the torrent has starved. Look for messages from the tracker, which may appear in the system window (shortcut: '''[[Manual.ShortcutKeys|[F11]]]'''). Other times a tracker may want you to change your port. You can do this using the [[Options.Connection|connection settings]] and afterwards restarting Shareaza.

You may get a message from Shareaza about a "[[BitTorrent encoding error]]". This means that there is an error within the [[.torrent file]], or something that your system may have trouble with. Most of the time, Shareaza is able to deal with these problems automatically, except for if the .torrent file is too heavily damaged or to badly coded for actually being of any use for Shareaza. However you may sometimes notice that the downloaded files of such a torrent have odd names when it has been completed.
{{box|Note: On earlier versionsof Shareaza, changing the [[Advanced Setting]] ''BitTorrent.TorrentIgnoreErrors'' to ''true'' (1) was possible to force Shareaza to seed a torrent with encoding error(s). However, this option is no longer present, as Shareaza now ignores the respective encoding errors in the torrent and proceeds with seeding it if possible.}}
: ''See also [[BitTorrent encoding error]] for more information.''

If while trying to start seeding, you get an error message about Shareaza not being able to find the files to seed, try moving the .torrent file to the parent directory of the file or files you wish to seed.

Also note that .torrent files specify what is contained by the file name, so Shareaza will often fail to seed if you rename or move your files. Recent versions of Shareaza will also check the default downloads directory, but if you move files around, there may be trouble seeding them.

If you get some other error while trying to seed, such as ''unable to create bittorrent share file'', open the incomplete folder, and make sure there hasn't been a file mistakenly left there by Shareaza. If the file it is trying to recreate in order to reseed already exists in the incomplete folder, reseeding will fail. Try deleting from the incomplete folder any extra file to do with the torrent you wish to reseed. See [[Clear Incomplete folder]] for more information on how to get rid of unused leftover .partial files.

== How to seed a torrent with Shareaza ==
# First, start Shareaza, go to the [[Library Manager]] and choose ''Folder View''. 
# There should be a directory called <code>Torrents</code>, which contains a copy of all the .torrent files you have downloaded before. There you probably will be able to find the torrent you want to seed.
# Make sure the files contained in the torrent are all inside your library, or else Shareaza will try to redownload the torrent. 
# Double click on the .torrent file to open it and choose ''Seed''.
# Shareaza should proceed to reverify the file and once the necessary files have been build, seed it. Note that this takes some space on your hard drive, so if you are reseeding a torrent, you need to look out for disk space problems if you are running low on disk space.
# Sometimes an error message will pop up when Shareaza cannot find (parts of) the file(s) to seed. In this case, use the library to move the .torrent file from the <code>Torrents</code> folder to the parent directory of the file(s) you wish to seed.

To stop seeding again, go to the [[Downloads Window]]/[[Transfers Tab]] and clear the seeding torrent. 

If you have trouble seeding, look in the incomplete folder to make sure there isn't already an incomplete file for the torrent accidentally left there by the program. If there is, delete it, and try reseeding again.

Please refer to the preceding info on ''error messages'' for potential problems you may encounter while seeding.

== BitTorrent utilities ==
* [[TorrentWizard]] <br />Included in Shareazas install package. Very easy way to create full Unicode compatible torrents following the official specs.
* [http://torrentspy.sourceforge.net/ TorrentSpy] <br />Windows tool which allows you to query a tracker about a specific torrent, view [[metadata]] info, check a file's hashes, etc. You can also create torrent files for upload.

== External Links ==
* [http://www.bittorrent.com/ BitTorrent's official website] 
* [http://www.dessent.net/btfaq/ The best BitTorrent FAQ]

=== Official BitTorrent Specifications ===
* [http://www.bittorrent.org/ BitTorrent.org] The BitTorrent developers forum. Includes dev exchange, protocol extension proposals and specs.
* [http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentSpecification BitTorrent Protocol]
* [http://bittornado.com/docs/multitracker-spec.txt Multitracker BitTorrent Specs]
* [http://www.bitcomet.com/doc/specification.htm BitComet Extensions]

{{Navigation|Networks and Hashes}}
[[Category:External Links]]